Language Variety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Language Variety - Essay Example At the danger of distortion let us pose a central inquiry: What is Language is a convoluted business. In regular talk, we utilize the word 'language' from multiple points of view. It isn't clear how 'language' ought to be characterized or what the individual on the road thinks it really is! (Downes, 1998, p.1). We will in general characterize language contrastingly in various circumstances. We discussion of the indistinguishable articulations of a newborn child, as a youngster's language. At the point when we allude to the musical inflections of certain dialects we allude to language as far as style. At the point when we discuss language in normalized accuracy, we discuss language as punctuation. We likewise discuss language as an expertise, a We likewise will in general characterize language as far as the utilization to which we put it. We discuss legitimate language. The language utilized by the legitimate calling will in general be very not quite the same as our ordinary language. We additionally discuss clinical speech. That is the language utilized by the clinical society. This is again unique in relation to the language we use in regular day to day existence. At that point you have coding which is very particular from any of different dialects. In a manner each particular calling it appears has its own trademark language. Chomsky characterizes language as a lot of unmistakable all inclusive standards which are inborn properties of the human psyche and part of our species' hereditary blessing (Chomsky. 1986: 15 ff. as refered to in Downes, 1998, p.17). While that may undoubtedly be the best meaning of language, the meaning of language should be inspected from a sociolinguistic point of view. What is Sociolinguistics The most clear meaning of sociolinguistics is that it is the investigation of language in the public eye (Schmitt, 2002, p. 150). Schmitt proceeds to state that most sociolinguistic investigations are essentially clear, however center around accomplishing logical objectivity, in any event, when these examinations include mind boggling impacts that society has on language. Sociolinguistic investigations likewise think about social parts of language in a down to business way, clarifying social impacts as precisely as could be expected under the circumstances. (Schmitt, 2002, p.150) Language Variety 3 A Sociolinguistic Definition of Language Sociolinguistics will in general characterize language as what the individuals from a particular society talk. Anyway they additionally think about the way that a general public may have more than one language or numerous vernaculars of a similar language, and in this manner see language with the conviction that it isn't something that is free of society. (Wardhaugh, 2002, p. ix) Motivation behind Language The idea of talk is the calculated connection among language and society, looking upwards from one perspective to social structures and social implications and downwards to the low down of words and punctuation - lexicogrammar - on the other (Bartlett, n.d, p.113 ). (Bartlett, n.d, p.113) contends that language is a socially spurred develop due to what it assists with doing. Any language fundamentally fills two needs: it encourages cooperation and fills in as a methods for correspondence. The Common Components of All Languages All dialects have three normal

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay Research free essay sample

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay, Research Paper The Presidential appointment of 1972 had two in number campaigners, President Richard Nixon and George McGovern. There were numerous issues which had an incredible exchange of significance to the political race. The Vietnam war and the stableness of the financial framework at the clasp were two boss components. The political race finished in one the biggest political soils in U.S. history, being the Watergate housebreaking, and conceal, by President Richard Nixon. The Democratic party had a major selection of campaigners from which to decide for the essential appointment of 1972. There were numerous acceptable known campaigners who entered the race for the selection. The taking adversaries were Edmund S. Muskie of Maine, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota. Different campaigners who didn # 8217 ; t have rather every piece a lot of affirmation were Alabama senator George C. Wallace, Mayor Sam Yorty of Los Angeles, Rep. We will compose a custom article test on The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay Research or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Wilbur D. Factories of Arkansas, Sen. Vance Hartke of Indiana, previous Senator Eugene J. McCarthy of Minnesota, Mayor John Lindsay of New York City and Rep. Shirley Chisholm of New York. Chisholm was the primary dark to run in a progression of presidential primaries. # 8221 ; ( Congressional Quarterly, # 8220 ; Guide to U.S. Races # 8221 ; , Third ed. , 1994, pg.603-605. ) 5 Senator Wallace had an obliterating minute in his run while in Maryland. # 8220 ; toward the beginning of May an evil juvenile grown-up male named Arthur Bremer changed the political relations of 1972. As Governor Wallace crusaded toward certain triumph in the Maryland essential, Bremer ventured frontward out of a strip mall group and shooting him multiple times. Wallace endure, yet at the expense of being incapacitated from the midriff down. Maryland # 8217 ; s balloters flooded out on political race twenty-four hours to give Wallace an enormous triumph, his last of 1972. While Wallace recovered, the 1000000s who might have decided in favor of him as a Democratic or autonomous campaigner started to go in overwhelming extents behind the battling started to go in overwhelming extents behind the battling of Richard Nixon. # 8221 ; ( Benton, William. # 8220 ; U.S. Appointment of 1972. # 8221 ; Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year. pg.12-13, 1973 ed. ) 1 At the point when the California essential was approaching, Humphrey attempted to rescue the selection for himself. # 8220 ; Humphrey abraded his old senate companion ( McGovern ) for his costly musings on open help and his longing to cut the barrier spending plan. It about worked. Yet, McGovern won all of California # 8217 ; s gigantic assignment, and round Humphrey 44.3 % to 39.1 % in the mainstream vote. # 8221 ; 5 That misfortune illuminated the terminal for Humphrey # 8217 ; s Democratic selection. Many felt Edmund Muskie was sure to win the Democratic assignment for the appointment of 1972. # 8220 ; All political perceivers concurred on the sureness that Congressperson Edmund Muskie of Maine would be the Democratic party # 8217 ; s chosen one. # 8221 ; 1 # 8220 ; As the top choice, he needed to trap the assignment early as was submitted to running in the entirety of the initial eight presidential primaries. Unmistakable Just lawmakers arranged anxiously to back him. Among them: Gov. John Gilligan of Ohio ; Leonard Woodcock, President of the United Auto Workers ; Iowa Representative Harold Hughes ; and Pennsylvania Governor Milton Shapp. # 8221 ; 1 Muskie had numerous heroes, and a decent chance of having the selection, conceivably even going the accompanying President of the United States. President Nixon realized that Muskie had a decent chance of winning and felt he needed to make something to obtain Muskie out of the race. Nixon had seven work powers who were faithful to him do up bogus essentialness discharges about Muskie, and his wedded lady. These noteworthiness discharges asserted that Muskie had individual businesss with both work powers and grown-up females, that he beat his wedded lady, thus the topper which guaranteed that Muskies # 8217 ; wedded lady was a heavy drinker. These bogus proclamations annihilated Muskies # 8217 ; run and notoriety of being a poise trusty campaigner. At that point one twenty-four hours # 8220 ; mounting the bed of a truck left outside the workplaces of the archconservative Manchester Union Leader, Muskie propelled an surge on the paper # 8217 ; s distributing house, William Loeb. As he talked about Loeb # 8217 ; s uncomplimentary remarks about Mrs. Muskie, the representative # 8217 ; s voice broke, and the swarm saw cryings compose in his eyes. # 8221 ; 1 This occurrence seriously scratched Muskie # 8217 ; s picture. After that occasion, individuals saw Muskie as a powerless person. They didn # 8217 ; T need a powerless singular running the state. # 8220 ; Muskie had completed fourth in Pennsylvania, behind victor Humphrey, Wallace, and McGovern, and a far off second to McGovern in Massachusetts. He so pulled back with respect. # 8221 ; 1 Muskie in this way said of this occurrence: # 8220 ; It changed individuals # 8217 ; s heads about me, of what kind of a feline I was. They were searching for a solid, consistent grown-up male, and here I was frail. # 8221 ; # 8221 ; ( Congressional Quarterly, # 8220 ; Chronology of Presidential Elections # 8221 ; , Fourth erectile brokenness. 1994, pg.329-330 ) 6 After a long essential run, and all the essential decisions, Senator George McGovern won the designation for the Democratic party in the 1972 presidential political decision. # 8220 ; McGovern did non obtain to introduce his belief address # 8211 ; potentially the best location of his calling # 8211 ; until 2:48 risk meridiem, when most broadcasting seeing crowds were at that point in bed. # 8221 ; 6 Senator McGovern had a hard run in front of him. His obstruction, President Richard Nixon, as of now had the upper manus on him since he had been chosen President four mature ages prior. President Nixon was the Republican campaigner. # 8220 ; President Richard Nixon told a newsman that # 8220 ; the political race was over the twenty-four hours he ( Sen. George McGovern ) was named. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; 1 McGovern crusaded extremely hard. # 8220 ; Between September 3 and September 15, the South Dakotan traveled through 29 metropoliss and towns in 18 regions covering a few 14,000 detail mis and being seen by in excess of 175,000 individuals. # 8221 ; ( U.S. News and World Report, # 8220 ; Can Democrats Close the Gap, Sept. 25, 1972, Vol. LXXXIII, No.13, pg.17-22 ) 3 McGovern knew, in the event that he needed to win, he needed to focus on the of import issues of 1972. There were four extremely of import issues. These were the war in Vietnam, the financial framework, international strategy, and protection. The two significant 1s were the war in Vietnam, and the financial framework. McGovern was sure that in the event that he was chosen president, he would have the option to stop the war. # 8220 ; We will have the option to stop the war by a basic program that need non be left well enough alone: The quick whole backdown of all Americans from Southeast Asia. # 8221 ; ( Congressional Quarterly # 8217 ; s Guide to U.S. Decisions, # 8220 ; 1972 Conventions # 8221 ; , Third ed. , 1994 pg..127-132. ) 4 McGovern goes on to state in another meeting that # 8220 ; I will intrigue my entire political approaching having the option to withdraw our powers and obtain our hostages out inside 90 yearss after startup. I genuinely figure I can make it quicker than that. # 8221 ; ( U.S. News and World, # 8220 ; How McGovern Sees The Issues, # 8221 ; August 7, 1972, Vol. LXXIII No.6, pg.18- 22 ) 8 McGovern, similar to every other person needed to stop the war in Vietnam each piece in no time as conceivable. McGovern felt the Nixon could hold finished the war mature ages prior, and could hold saved every one of those lives. # 8220 ; There # 8217 ; s nil that we can negociate now in stoping this war we couldn # 8217 ; Ts have done four mature ages back. We shelter # 8217 ; T picked up anything in these four mature ages of proceeded with butcher that # 8217 ; s gone on in this present Administration. # 8221 ; 8 # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ll be one of those joying regardless of whether Nixon does stop this war and it accrues to further his potential benefit. I simply wish he had done it four mature ages prior. On the off chance that he had, I may non now be running for the President. # 8221 ; 8 McGovern makes it look as if his sole goal, and ground for craving to go President is to just stop the Vietnam war. Nixon alongside the Republican party, and their foundation expressed that # 8220 ; We will proceed to look for a province of the Vietnam War which will permit the individuals of Southeast Asia to populate in harmony under political understandings of their ain picking. We take explicit note of the remaining significant obstacle to settlement-Hanoi # 8217 ; s request that the United States topple the Saigon specialists furthermore, uphold a Communist-ruled experts on the South Vietnamese. We stand unambiguously along the edge of the President in his endeavor to negociate legitimate footings, and in his refusal to acknowledge footings which would disrespect this nation. # 8221 ; 4 # 8220 ; We demand that, before every single American power are pulled back from Vietnam, American prisoners must be returned and a full bookkeeping made of the losing in real life also, of the individuals who have kicked the bucket in adversary hands. # 8221 ; ( U.S. News and World Report, # 8220 ; Promises Republican Make, # 8221 ; Sept. 4, 1972, Vol. LXXIII No.10, pg.28-29 ) 2 In spite of the fact that the Republicans held the essential idea that the Democrats did, which was to stop the war in Vietnam each

Blog Archive mbaMission Annual Consultant Training Conference Raising the Bar in the Industry

Blog Archive mbaMission Annual Consultant Training Conference Raising the Bar in the Industry At mbaMission, we believe that to give MBA applicants the best possible admissions advice, we must continuously train our consultants and stay up-to-date on admissions trends. To do this, we have a weekly full staff meeting at which we discuss new ways to serve our clients and identify developments in the admissions field. We also have a robust mentoring program and peer review process, which keeps our consultants at the top of their game. And most importantly, every year, we have an in-person, two-day conference for our consultants. For this intensive event, we fly our team in from around the world (London, San Francisco, Chicago, etc.) and focus on training and developing best practices. This year’s conference was held on May 6 and 7 in New York Cityâ€"highlights include sessions with… Pauline Jennett, former admissions officer at HBS: “Reviewing Business School Applications as Admissions Directors” Chris Ryan, Head of Curriculum Development at Manhattan GMAT: “Relevance of the Integrated Reasoning Section of the GMAT” (integrated reasoning is the new section of the GMAT) Consulting firm 4Thirty3: Optimizing Client Relationships Jeremy Shinewald, mbaMission President: “Case Discussions and Best Practices” mbaMission is a different kind of MBA admissions consulting firm, because we actually are a firm (not just a Web site with a bunch of part-time consultants who have little to no training). We are a full-time team, dedicated to excellence for our clients, and our annual conferenceâ€"one of a kind in the industryâ€"proves that fact. Check out some photos of the mbaMission team in action at this years conference: Share ThisTweet News

Child Poverty and the United States - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2031 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: African American Essay Child Poverty Essay Did you like this example? Child Poverty and The United States Melissa Sandusky University of Phoenix Child poverty can be found in every corner of the world. In any country there are children living within the devastating effects of poverty. Child poverty has become a worldwide epidemic, and the impacts it has on children are countless. This paper will discuss child poverty in the United States and how it has impacted our poor children in this country. In the research I found four major ways that poverty affects these United States children. They are physical health, mental well-being, education, and environment which I will describe in further detail. People often view the United Sates as the land of opportunity and plenty. We see television ads asking for monetary donations for children in other countries who are living in poverty. We have countless organizations that work to help combat poverty throughout the world. This country may be looked upon as a land of plenty by other countries, but the United States also has problems of its own. One of those problems is child poverty. As of 2006, there were 39. 7 million United States citizens living in poverty, and single mothers and women had the poorest households in that same year (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). In 2006 a single parent of a household of three with a yearly income of approximately $16,000 was considered living at the poverty line (Lee, 2009). One third of all the homeless people in the United States are entire families with children, and the numbers are continuing to grow (Macionis, 2006). The statistics of child poverty in the United States are heartbreaking. There are five million poor children under the age of six years old in this country (Korbin, 1992). It has been estimated that over 17 percent of children, adolescents, and teenagers in the United States are poor. Studies have also shown that 36 percent of the impoverished people in the United States are children (Macionis, 2006). One-third of Hispa nic households have children that live in poverty. African-Americans have an increased risk of their children living in poverty. Nearly 50 percent of African-American children live in poverty. Over the last 40 years, the percentage of poverty in the United States elderly has dropped, but the children living in poverty has remained the same at 20 percent (Korbin, 1992). We know that the first several years of a childs life are some of the most important developmentally. Physical health is so important in young children, but the impoverished children of the United States are at serious risk of health problems. According to Hildebrant and Stevens, the most common physical health conditions found in poor children are severe asthma, seizures, diabetes, and lead poisoning (2009). Families on welfare are almost two times at risk for having a child with a physical or mental problems. The children with parents that use assistive programs such as welfare or Medicaid show that 25 percent ha ve one or more health problems that are chronic. One study conducted showed that single mothers of poor children were unemployed due to their own or their childrens health problems (Hildebrandt ; Stevens, 2009). One can assume that poor children with chronically ill mothers are particularly at risk, and mothers with sick children may not have the resources to care for them properly. This goes to show that children in poor families have an increased risk of poor health and developmental delays (Hildebrandt ; Stevens, 2009). Children born into poverty during their first year of life are more likely to die from neglect, accidents, or from violence (Macionis, 2006). Girls who grow up in poverty are more likely to conceive a baby before graduating from high school. Then many of these young mothers go on welfare. Boys living in poverty are more likely to have a baby without being married. These boys are also more likely to get involved in criminal activity, and they are less likely to hold down a full time job (Corcoran, 1995). According to Lykens, Fulda, Bae, ; Singh and their research, they found that 13 percent of poor children are considered to have health problems that require special attention such as specialists. Impoverished families are 33 percent more at risk to acquire health problems that require special needs (2009). If a child living in poverty has no insurance, and are part of a minority group they are more likely not to see a specialist for their health care problems (Lykens, Fulda, Bae, ; Singh, 2009). Mental health problems commonly found in children living in poverty are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, anxiety, and depression (Hildebrant and Stevens,2009). Children living in poverty with a single mother can feel unstable and have emotional problems as a result of the mothers unstable employment. A single mother who goes off of assistance programs and then back on again can contribute to their childs mental health prob lems. In a study conducted on mothers who go on and off of public assistance showed that their children had more behavior problems due to the mothers unstable work patterns. (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). Poverty also effects a childs opportunities of a good education. From a young age, education is of importance in this country. Preschool costs money, and the free federally funded Head Start program has a limited number of children it reaches (Macionis, 2006). If these children are unable to attend preschool it may put them farther behind the other children in their classes in the future. Children living in poverty generally live in poorer neighborhoods which leads to going to a school that is poor as well (Lee, 2009). Children who are poor often go to school districts that are not as well equipped to teach these kids the skills they need in order to succeed after graduation (Murane, 2007). These school districts often do not have the updated materials that are being taught in the richer neighborhoods. Research has shown that children who live in poverty often have lower reading scores than children living above the poverty rate (Lee, 2009). Impoverished children tend to be found at schools where even teachers lack leadership and important skills needed to constructively teach and handle children with learning problems. This leaves the children with learning disabilities without the necessary skills needed to earn a living (Murane, 2007). Children attending these poorer schools may not have clear role models, and they simply may not be taught that they can succeed in life. One reason needy children remain living in poverty as adults is because their parents cannot afford to help pay for further education (Crocran,1995). College simply may not be an option. According to Corcoran, adult males who grew up in poor homes had a decrease in their hourly wages by 30 percent and their yearly wages by 40 percent compared to males raised in middle class homes. These males also tended to work significantly less hours than males who grew up in the middle class (Corcoran, 1995). According to Korbin, children living in poverty are not poor because their parents will not work (1992). They are poor because of the low minimum wage rates, and jobs do not always provide the means to support one child let alone more than one. One fifth of childrens families have a parent who works full-time. Two-thirds of those poor children have a parent who at least works part-time (Korbin, 1992). The statistics change with singe parents living in poverty. Single mothers with more than one child must make above minimum wage at their jobs in order to afford childcare. As a result of the high price of child care many single mothers do not work and remain on welfare (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). A childs home environment is of utmost importance in regards to developmental and emotional milestones. Lee, through his research, determined that the more nurturin g the home environment, the better chance a child had of succeeding later in life (2009). When a child is raised in poverty they could be without proper food, clothing, or a basic sense of security. Unfortunately, when children are raised in poor households their home environment suffers. Not only may their homes be less safe or in unsafe neighborhoods, it also leaves some children homeless. Children who suffer from poverty surround us even in the United States. There is a need to find a solution that will help these children. Children do not choose to be born into poverty, and in order to fix the problem we need to find helpful and lasting ways to help their parents. This problem is not going to fix itself, and the government has tried for many years to figure out ways to help this epidemic of children living in poverty. Although, government programs have helped some impoverished adults, their solutions have not changed the poverty rate for children (Korbin, 1992). According to Murnane, the government should tackle the issues of poor students by pushing states to enhance high school requirements to reflect the skills needed to help them succeed after graduation (2007). Poor students have higher dropout rates and are not likely receive their diplomas. Seventy-five percent of white youth graduate high school. Only 50 percent of Hispanics and African American students who live in poverty receive their diplomas (Murnane, 2007). These statistics provide proof that education for the poor children is essential in enhancing their lives after graduation. People in charge of school reforms need to describe the skills and curriculum students should achieve each academic year. Schools should acquire principles that know how to employ and uphold successful teachers. Teachers should step in and help the student at the first sign of a learning problem and seek them out help to improve in those areas (Murnane, 2007). If we would implement these characteristics of change in our schools we could change the outcome for children living in poverty after they graduate from high school. Perhaps if our school systems focused a little more on the skills needed to obtain jobs after high school graduation, children living in poverty would have a better chance at succeeding. If our children all had the same opportunities with education at a high school level, the poor children may be able to make a better life for themselves after graduation. In conclusion, poverty is present in the United States. Impoverished children are impacted by poverty in a number of ways including physical health, mental well-being, education, and environment. Korbin states that It is said that a measure of a societies altruism or goodness is based on its treatment of its most fragile members: the young, the old, the infirm, and the disabled (1992). Perhaps the citizens of the United States can do more to help the poor children of our country. Regardless, childhood poverty i s an epidemic, and our country needs to work to find a workable solution to the problem. References Corcoran, M  (Annual 1995). Rags to rags: poverty and mobility in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology,  21,  p. 237(31). Retrieved  January 13, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId=IPS userGroupName=uphoenix Hildebrandt,  E. ,  Ã‚  Stevens,  P.. (2009). Impoverished Women With Children and No Welfare Benefits: The Urgency of Researching Failures of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program. American Journal of Public Health,  99(5),  793-801. Retrieved January 2, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1683162601). Korbin, J. (1992). Introduction child poverty in the United States: magnitude of and trends in child poverty in the united States child poverty in the United States in global perspective in this issue references. The American Behavio ral Scientist (1986-1994), 35(3), 213 Retrieved January 2, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:732639691. Lee, K. (June 2009). The bidirectional effects of early poverty on childrens reading and home environment scores: associations and ethnic differences. Social Work Research,  33,  2. p. 79(16). Retrieved  January 02, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId= IPS;userGroupName=apollo Lykens, K A,  Fulda, K G,  Bae, S. ,  ;  Singh, K P  (July 31, 2009). Differences in risk factors for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) receiving needed specialty care by socioeconomic status. BMC Pediatrics,  9,  p. 48. Retrieved  January 02, 2010,  from  Academic OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/ start. do? prodId=IPS;userGroupName=apollo Murnane, R J  (Fall 2007). Improving the education of children living in poverty. The Future of Children,  17,  2. p. 161(22). Retrieved  January 11, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId=IPS;userGroupName= uphoenix Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Child Poverty and the United States" essay for you Create order

Who Is Born As A South Korean - 1502 Words

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Personal Statement For A Fitness Trainer - 987 Words

The topic of the Unit 4 Assignment is Outlining your Profession. My desired profession is to be a fitness trainer. I strive to motivate and inspire others to live a healthy lifestyle. Although a degree is not required to complete this goal, I feel that a Bachelor of Science in Health and Wellness from Kaplan will give me a better understanding of the human body and broaden my career path. I will gain knowledge from Kaplan to exceed in the fitness world. Fitness trainers help individual’s reach fitness and nutrition goals by motivating and inspiring individuals or groups. Fitness trainers demonstrate different exercises, work out personal nutrition plans, and evaluate the clients level of fitness. There are many aspects to fitness trainer’s methods i.e.; weight lifting, cardiovascular, dance, yoga, stretching and strength training. Fitness trainer’s work with all ages, sizes, and fitness levels. Fitness trainers will modify exercise to fit a person’s physi cal needs and get a better understanding of a person’s weaknesses. â€Å"Fitness trainers and instructors work in facilities such as health clubs, fitness or recreation centers, gyms, and yoga and Pilates studios.† (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2015) With the upraise of technology and the lack of time working individuals have I feel that online fitness professionals is what is needed. I will strive to be an elite fitness professional in the online world. The requirements for becoming a personal trainer include a highShow MoreRelatedEssay Personal Trainer1261 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Trainer Personal trainers are responsible for training individuals and developing a healthy workout regimen for all their clients. They often work with different muscle groups and combine this knowledge with cardiovascular training to provide their clients with the best exercise program possible. 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NEA emerges intact Congressional process is a tortuous path Essay Example For Students

NEA emerges intact: Congressional process is a tortuous path Essay The months of debate, the annual attempt by Sen. Jesses Helms (R-N.C.) to defund the agency, and a weeks-long delay in resolving Western land grazing rights may have seemed like deja vu, but they were in fact the elements of this years federal arts appropriation process. On Nov. 11, President Clinton finally signed the 1994 Interior Appropriations bill, which included $170.2 million for the National Endowment for the Arts. Marshaling the bill through Congress proved difficult without a chairman at the NEAs helm to drive the process (Jane Alexander was not confirmed until late September), and the leadership vacuumcombined with Congresss deficit-reduction concerns and ongoing NEA controversiesresulted in the lowest annual appropriation since 1989. After passing a House of Representatives vote in the summerwith a significant drop in appropriation from what the Administration had originally requestedthe bill moved slowly through the Senate, where the Senate Appropriations Committee restored one-half of the House cut. The Endowment was further endangered when Sen. Helms offered three amendments to the bill on the Senate floor in mid-Septemberone to kill the agency entirely, a second to eliminate grants to individual artists and restrict funding to institutions, and a third to direct 70 percent of the NEAs program budget to state arts agencies for distribution.Appropriations 1992-94The following chart compares appropriations for fiscal years 1992, 1993 and 1994 (all figures are in millions) for the National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities and Institute for Museum Services. The NEA is not supporting the arts all across the nation in an equitable manner, Helms criticized. Rather, it is funneling most of the money to the big citieswhere it is often used to help impose or promote a liberal, immoral, pro-homosexual and perverse culture on the rest of the country.Despite Helmss attempts, all three amendments were defeated, and the bill was sent to a House-Senate conference committee where it finally emerged with the higher, Senate-approved NEA budget of $170.2 million, which was viewed as a victory for the arts in such troubled times.At the same time, Sen. Helms announced a wait-and-see attitude about newly confirmed NEA chairman Alexander, promising a grace period of at least a year or so in which she can concentrate on upgrading the quality of art supported by the American taxpayers. But his promise was largely responsible for the stall in the Endowments reauthorizing legislation.The House of Representatives passed a two-year reauthorization bill in mid-October by a vote of 304 to 119. Two damaging amendments attached to the bill were handily defeated: the Crane Amendment to abolish the NEA, proposed by Rep. Philip Crane (R-Ill.) was retired by a 326 to 104 count, and an amendment offered by Rep. Robert Dornan (R-Calif.) to cut funding for the NEA, the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Institute for Museum Services by 40 percent was defeated 281 to 151. A third amendment to freeze NEA funding to any state that cut its state arts funding, authored by Rep. Steve Gunderson (R-Wisc.) and Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-N. Y.), passed by a voice vote. A surprise motion to send the reauthorization bill back to committee to address the issue of federal funds to undocumented workers, offered by Rep. Duke Cunningham (R-Calif. ), failed by a very narrow margin of 214 to 210, sending a clear signal about Congresss discomfort with undocumented workers and its dissatisfaction with the San Diego Art Rebate project in which $10 bills were distributed by artists to illegal Mexican workers.In early November, the Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee approved a reauthorization bill identical to the measure passed in the House, but Congress adjourned without taking up the bill for a full Senate vote. At press time, the two-year reauthorization was not expected to be brought to the Senate floor until late January.Legislation to preserve and stabilize nonprofit postal rates was signed into law by President Clinton in October, and the new rates went into effect Nov. .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .postImageUrl , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:hover , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:visited , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:active { border:0!important; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:active , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Describe and evaluate your rehearsal process Essay 21. The new law increases the third-class nonprofit postal rate by 23 percent over six years (at 3.87 percent per year)a considerable improvement over proposed 35-45 percent increases. Nonprofit third-class mail is now 8. 3 cents per piece, up from 8.1 cents for pre-sorted mail. New Faces at the NEANational Endowment for the Arts chairman Jane Alexander filled key administrative staff positions shortly after her own confirmation. In addition to naming Ana M. Steele senior deputy chairman, new appointments include Susan Clampitt, deputy chairman for programs; Scott Sanders, deputy chairman for public partnership; Richard Woodruff, congressional liaison; and Olive Mosier, director of policy, planning and research. They are joined by Alexander D. Crary in the newly created position of director of external affairs and White House liaison.Clampitt comes to the NEA after a 30-year career in the arts, holding curatorial and administrative positions at the Montclair Art Museum in New Jersey, the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Bank Street College of Education. Sanders served as executive director of the South Carolina Arts Commission for 13 years. Woodruff worked for 13 years for Sen. Howard Metzenbaum (D-Ohio) as staff director and legislative director. Mosier served as executive vice president and chief operations officer of the National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies. Crary has been the lead Senate staffer on cultural policy for the past 15 years, working for Sen. Claiborne Pell (D-R.I.) on the Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities.Also, Karen Kay Christensen, formerly assistant general counsel at National Public Radio, was named NEA general counsel, and Ginny Terzano has been appointed director of public affairs, after four years as press secretary to the Democratic National Committee.