Language Variety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Language Variety - Essay Example At the danger of distortion let us pose a central inquiry: What is Language is a convoluted business. In regular talk, we utilize the word 'language' from multiple points of view. It isn't clear how 'language' ought to be characterized or what the individual on the road thinks it really is! (Downes, 1998, p.1). We will in general characterize language contrastingly in various circumstances. We discussion of the indistinguishable articulations of a newborn child, as a youngster's language. At the point when we allude to the musical inflections of certain dialects we allude to language as far as style. At the point when we discuss language in normalized accuracy, we discuss language as punctuation. We likewise discuss language as an expertise, a We likewise will in general characterize language as far as the utilization to which we put it. We discuss legitimate language. The language utilized by the legitimate calling will in general be very not quite the same as our ordinary language. We additionally discuss clinical speech. That is the language utilized by the clinical society. This is again unique in relation to the language we use in regular day to day existence. At that point you have coding which is very particular from any of different dialects. In a manner each particular calling it appears has its own trademark language. Chomsky characterizes language as a lot of unmistakable all inclusive standards which are inborn properties of the human psyche and part of our species' hereditary blessing (Chomsky. 1986: 15 ff. as refered to in Downes, 1998, p.17). While that may undoubtedly be the best meaning of language, the meaning of language should be inspected from a sociolinguistic point of view. What is Sociolinguistics The most clear meaning of sociolinguistics is that it is the investigation of language in the public eye (Schmitt, 2002, p. 150). Schmitt proceeds to state that most sociolinguistic investigations are essentially clear, however center around accomplishing logical objectivity, in any event, when these examinations include mind boggling impacts that society has on language. Sociolinguistic investigations likewise think about social parts of language in a down to business way, clarifying social impacts as precisely as could be expected under the circumstances. (Schmitt, 2002, p.150) Language Variety 3 A Sociolinguistic Definition of Language Sociolinguistics will in general characterize language as what the individuals from a particular society talk. Anyway they additionally think about the way that a general public may have more than one language or numerous vernaculars of a similar language, and in this manner see language with the conviction that it isn't something that is free of society. (Wardhaugh, 2002, p. ix) Motivation behind Language The idea of talk is the calculated connection among language and society, looking upwards from one perspective to social structures and social implications and downwards to the low down of words and punctuation - lexicogrammar - on the other (Bartlett, n.d, p.113 ). (Bartlett, n.d, p.113) contends that language is a socially spurred develop due to what it assists with doing. Any language fundamentally fills two needs: it encourages cooperation and fills in as a methods for correspondence. The Common Components of All Languages All dialects have three normal

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay Research free essay sample

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay, Research Paper The Presidential appointment of 1972 had two in number campaigners, President Richard Nixon and George McGovern. There were numerous issues which had an incredible exchange of significance to the political race. The Vietnam war and the stableness of the financial framework at the clasp were two boss components. The political race finished in one the biggest political soils in U.S. history, being the Watergate housebreaking, and conceal, by President Richard Nixon. The Democratic party had a major selection of campaigners from which to decide for the essential appointment of 1972. There were numerous acceptable known campaigners who entered the race for the selection. The taking adversaries were Edmund S. Muskie of Maine, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota. Different campaigners who didn # 8217 ; t have rather every piece a lot of affirmation were Alabama senator George C. Wallace, Mayor Sam Yorty of Los Angeles, Rep. We will compose a custom article test on The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay Research or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Wilbur D. Factories of Arkansas, Sen. Vance Hartke of Indiana, previous Senator Eugene J. McCarthy of Minnesota, Mayor John Lindsay of New York City and Rep. Shirley Chisholm of New York. Chisholm was the primary dark to run in a progression of presidential primaries. # 8221 ; ( Congressional Quarterly, # 8220 ; Guide to U.S. Races # 8221 ; , Third ed. , 1994, pg.603-605. ) 5 Senator Wallace had an obliterating minute in his run while in Maryland. # 8220 ; toward the beginning of May an evil juvenile grown-up male named Arthur Bremer changed the political relations of 1972. As Governor Wallace crusaded toward certain triumph in the Maryland essential, Bremer ventured frontward out of a strip mall group and shooting him multiple times. Wallace endure, yet at the expense of being incapacitated from the midriff down. Maryland # 8217 ; s balloters flooded out on political race twenty-four hours to give Wallace an enormous triumph, his last of 1972. While Wallace recovered, the 1000000s who might have decided in favor of him as a Democratic or autonomous campaigner started to go in overwhelming extents behind the battling started to go in overwhelming extents behind the battling of Richard Nixon. # 8221 ; ( Benton, William. # 8220 ; U.S. Appointment of 1972. # 8221 ; Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year. pg.12-13, 1973 ed. ) 1 At the point when the California essential was approaching, Humphrey attempted to rescue the selection for himself. # 8220 ; Humphrey abraded his old senate companion ( McGovern ) for his costly musings on open help and his longing to cut the barrier spending plan. It about worked. Yet, McGovern won all of California # 8217 ; s gigantic assignment, and round Humphrey 44.3 % to 39.1 % in the mainstream vote. # 8221 ; 5 That misfortune illuminated the terminal for Humphrey # 8217 ; s Democratic selection. Many felt Edmund Muskie was sure to win the Democratic assignment for the appointment of 1972. # 8220 ; All political perceivers concurred on the sureness that Congressperson Edmund Muskie of Maine would be the Democratic party # 8217 ; s chosen one. # 8221 ; 1 # 8220 ; As the top choice, he needed to trap the assignment early as was submitted to running in the entirety of the initial eight presidential primaries. Unmistakable Just lawmakers arranged anxiously to back him. Among them: Gov. John Gilligan of Ohio ; Leonard Woodcock, President of the United Auto Workers ; Iowa Representative Harold Hughes ; and Pennsylvania Governor Milton Shapp. # 8221 ; 1 Muskie had numerous heroes, and a decent chance of having the selection, conceivably even going the accompanying President of the United States. President Nixon realized that Muskie had a decent chance of winning and felt he needed to make something to obtain Muskie out of the race. Nixon had seven work powers who were faithful to him do up bogus essentialness discharges about Muskie, and his wedded lady. These noteworthiness discharges asserted that Muskie had individual businesss with both work powers and grown-up females, that he beat his wedded lady, thus the topper which guaranteed that Muskies # 8217 ; wedded lady was a heavy drinker. These bogus proclamations annihilated Muskies # 8217 ; run and notoriety of being a poise trusty campaigner. At that point one twenty-four hours # 8220 ; mounting the bed of a truck left outside the workplaces of the archconservative Manchester Union Leader, Muskie propelled an surge on the paper # 8217 ; s distributing house, William Loeb. As he talked about Loeb # 8217 ; s uncomplimentary remarks about Mrs. Muskie, the representative # 8217 ; s voice broke, and the swarm saw cryings compose in his eyes. # 8221 ; 1 This occurrence seriously scratched Muskie # 8217 ; s picture. After that occasion, individuals saw Muskie as a powerless person. They didn # 8217 ; T need a powerless singular running the state. # 8220 ; Muskie had completed fourth in Pennsylvania, behind victor Humphrey, Wallace, and McGovern, and a far off second to McGovern in Massachusetts. He so pulled back with respect. # 8221 ; 1 Muskie in this way said of this occurrence: # 8220 ; It changed individuals # 8217 ; s heads about me, of what kind of a feline I was. They were searching for a solid, consistent grown-up male, and here I was frail. # 8221 ; # 8221 ; ( Congressional Quarterly, # 8220 ; Chronology of Presidential Elections # 8221 ; , Fourth erectile brokenness. 1994, pg.329-330 ) 6 After a long essential run, and all the essential decisions, Senator George McGovern won the designation for the Democratic party in the 1972 presidential political decision. # 8220 ; McGovern did non obtain to introduce his belief address # 8211 ; potentially the best location of his calling # 8211 ; until 2:48 risk meridiem, when most broadcasting seeing crowds were at that point in bed. # 8221 ; 6 Senator McGovern had a hard run in front of him. His obstruction, President Richard Nixon, as of now had the upper manus on him since he had been chosen President four mature ages prior. President Nixon was the Republican campaigner. # 8220 ; President Richard Nixon told a newsman that # 8220 ; the political race was over the twenty-four hours he ( Sen. George McGovern ) was named. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; 1 McGovern crusaded extremely hard. # 8220 ; Between September 3 and September 15, the South Dakotan traveled through 29 metropoliss and towns in 18 regions covering a few 14,000 detail mis and being seen by in excess of 175,000 individuals. # 8221 ; ( U.S. News and World Report, # 8220 ; Can Democrats Close the Gap, Sept. 25, 1972, Vol. LXXXIII, No.13, pg.17-22 ) 3 McGovern knew, in the event that he needed to win, he needed to focus on the of import issues of 1972. There were four extremely of import issues. These were the war in Vietnam, the financial framework, international strategy, and protection. The two significant 1s were the war in Vietnam, and the financial framework. McGovern was sure that in the event that he was chosen president, he would have the option to stop the war. # 8220 ; We will have the option to stop the war by a basic program that need non be left well enough alone: The quick whole backdown of all Americans from Southeast Asia. # 8221 ; ( Congressional Quarterly # 8217 ; s Guide to U.S. Decisions, # 8220 ; 1972 Conventions # 8221 ; , Third ed. , 1994 pg..127-132. ) 4 McGovern goes on to state in another meeting that # 8220 ; I will intrigue my entire political approaching having the option to withdraw our powers and obtain our hostages out inside 90 yearss after startup. I genuinely figure I can make it quicker than that. # 8221 ; ( U.S. News and World, # 8220 ; How McGovern Sees The Issues, # 8221 ; August 7, 1972, Vol. LXXIII No.6, pg.18- 22 ) 8 McGovern, similar to every other person needed to stop the war in Vietnam each piece in no time as conceivable. McGovern felt the Nixon could hold finished the war mature ages prior, and could hold saved every one of those lives. # 8220 ; There # 8217 ; s nil that we can negociate now in stoping this war we couldn # 8217 ; Ts have done four mature ages back. We shelter # 8217 ; T picked up anything in these four mature ages of proceeded with butcher that # 8217 ; s gone on in this present Administration. # 8221 ; 8 # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ll be one of those joying regardless of whether Nixon does stop this war and it accrues to further his potential benefit. I simply wish he had done it four mature ages prior. On the off chance that he had, I may non now be running for the President. # 8221 ; 8 McGovern makes it look as if his sole goal, and ground for craving to go President is to just stop the Vietnam war. Nixon alongside the Republican party, and their foundation expressed that # 8220 ; We will proceed to look for a province of the Vietnam War which will permit the individuals of Southeast Asia to populate in harmony under political understandings of their ain picking. We take explicit note of the remaining significant obstacle to settlement-Hanoi # 8217 ; s request that the United States topple the Saigon specialists furthermore, uphold a Communist-ruled experts on the South Vietnamese. We stand unambiguously along the edge of the President in his endeavor to negociate legitimate footings, and in his refusal to acknowledge footings which would disrespect this nation. # 8221 ; 4 # 8220 ; We demand that, before every single American power are pulled back from Vietnam, American prisoners must be returned and a full bookkeeping made of the losing in real life also, of the individuals who have kicked the bucket in adversary hands. # 8221 ; ( U.S. News and World Report, # 8220 ; Promises Republican Make, # 8221 ; Sept. 4, 1972, Vol. LXXIII No.10, pg.28-29 ) 2 In spite of the fact that the Republicans held the essential idea that the Democrats did, which was to stop the war in Vietnam each

Blog Archive mbaMission Annual Consultant Training Conference Raising the Bar in the Industry

Blog Archive mbaMission Annual Consultant Training Conference Raising the Bar in the Industry At mbaMission, we believe that to give MBA applicants the best possible admissions advice, we must continuously train our consultants and stay up-to-date on admissions trends. To do this, we have a weekly full staff meeting at which we discuss new ways to serve our clients and identify developments in the admissions field. We also have a robust mentoring program and peer review process, which keeps our consultants at the top of their game. And most importantly, every year, we have an in-person, two-day conference for our consultants. For this intensive event, we fly our team in from around the world (London, San Francisco, Chicago, etc.) and focus on training and developing best practices. This year’s conference was held on May 6 and 7 in New York Cityâ€"highlights include sessions with… Pauline Jennett, former admissions officer at HBS: “Reviewing Business School Applications as Admissions Directors” Chris Ryan, Head of Curriculum Development at Manhattan GMAT: “Relevance of the Integrated Reasoning Section of the GMAT” (integrated reasoning is the new section of the GMAT) Consulting firm 4Thirty3: Optimizing Client Relationships Jeremy Shinewald, mbaMission President: “Case Discussions and Best Practices” mbaMission is a different kind of MBA admissions consulting firm, because we actually are a firm (not just a Web site with a bunch of part-time consultants who have little to no training). We are a full-time team, dedicated to excellence for our clients, and our annual conferenceâ€"one of a kind in the industryâ€"proves that fact. Check out some photos of the mbaMission team in action at this years conference: Share ThisTweet News

Child Poverty and the United States - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2031 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: African American Essay Child Poverty Essay Did you like this example? Child Poverty and The United States Melissa Sandusky University of Phoenix Child poverty can be found in every corner of the world. In any country there are children living within the devastating effects of poverty. Child poverty has become a worldwide epidemic, and the impacts it has on children are countless. This paper will discuss child poverty in the United States and how it has impacted our poor children in this country. In the research I found four major ways that poverty affects these United States children. They are physical health, mental well-being, education, and environment which I will describe in further detail. People often view the United Sates as the land of opportunity and plenty. We see television ads asking for monetary donations for children in other countries who are living in poverty. We have countless organizations that work to help combat poverty throughout the world. This country may be looked upon as a land of plenty by other countries, but the United States also has problems of its own. One of those problems is child poverty. As of 2006, there were 39. 7 million United States citizens living in poverty, and single mothers and women had the poorest households in that same year (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). In 2006 a single parent of a household of three with a yearly income of approximately $16,000 was considered living at the poverty line (Lee, 2009). One third of all the homeless people in the United States are entire families with children, and the numbers are continuing to grow (Macionis, 2006). The statistics of child poverty in the United States are heartbreaking. There are five million poor children under the age of six years old in this country (Korbin, 1992). It has been estimated that over 17 percent of children, adolescents, and teenagers in the United States are poor. Studies have also shown that 36 percent of the impoverished people in the United States are children (Macionis, 2006). One-third of Hispa nic households have children that live in poverty. African-Americans have an increased risk of their children living in poverty. Nearly 50 percent of African-American children live in poverty. Over the last 40 years, the percentage of poverty in the United States elderly has dropped, but the children living in poverty has remained the same at 20 percent (Korbin, 1992). We know that the first several years of a childs life are some of the most important developmentally. Physical health is so important in young children, but the impoverished children of the United States are at serious risk of health problems. According to Hildebrant and Stevens, the most common physical health conditions found in poor children are severe asthma, seizures, diabetes, and lead poisoning (2009). Families on welfare are almost two times at risk for having a child with a physical or mental problems. The children with parents that use assistive programs such as welfare or Medicaid show that 25 percent ha ve one or more health problems that are chronic. One study conducted showed that single mothers of poor children were unemployed due to their own or their childrens health problems (Hildebrandt ; Stevens, 2009). One can assume that poor children with chronically ill mothers are particularly at risk, and mothers with sick children may not have the resources to care for them properly. This goes to show that children in poor families have an increased risk of poor health and developmental delays (Hildebrandt ; Stevens, 2009). Children born into poverty during their first year of life are more likely to die from neglect, accidents, or from violence (Macionis, 2006). Girls who grow up in poverty are more likely to conceive a baby before graduating from high school. Then many of these young mothers go on welfare. Boys living in poverty are more likely to have a baby without being married. These boys are also more likely to get involved in criminal activity, and they are less likely to hold down a full time job (Corcoran, 1995). According to Lykens, Fulda, Bae, ; Singh and their research, they found that 13 percent of poor children are considered to have health problems that require special attention such as specialists. Impoverished families are 33 percent more at risk to acquire health problems that require special needs (2009). If a child living in poverty has no insurance, and are part of a minority group they are more likely not to see a specialist for their health care problems (Lykens, Fulda, Bae, ; Singh, 2009). Mental health problems commonly found in children living in poverty are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, anxiety, and depression (Hildebrant and Stevens,2009). Children living in poverty with a single mother can feel unstable and have emotional problems as a result of the mothers unstable employment. A single mother who goes off of assistance programs and then back on again can contribute to their childs mental health prob lems. In a study conducted on mothers who go on and off of public assistance showed that their children had more behavior problems due to the mothers unstable work patterns. (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). Poverty also effects a childs opportunities of a good education. From a young age, education is of importance in this country. Preschool costs money, and the free federally funded Head Start program has a limited number of children it reaches (Macionis, 2006). If these children are unable to attend preschool it may put them farther behind the other children in their classes in the future. Children living in poverty generally live in poorer neighborhoods which leads to going to a school that is poor as well (Lee, 2009). Children who are poor often go to school districts that are not as well equipped to teach these kids the skills they need in order to succeed after graduation (Murane, 2007). These school districts often do not have the updated materials that are being taught in the richer neighborhoods. Research has shown that children who live in poverty often have lower reading scores than children living above the poverty rate (Lee, 2009). Impoverished children tend to be found at schools where even teachers lack leadership and important skills needed to constructively teach and handle children with learning problems. This leaves the children with learning disabilities without the necessary skills needed to earn a living (Murane, 2007). Children attending these poorer schools may not have clear role models, and they simply may not be taught that they can succeed in life. One reason needy children remain living in poverty as adults is because their parents cannot afford to help pay for further education (Crocran,1995). College simply may not be an option. According to Corcoran, adult males who grew up in poor homes had a decrease in their hourly wages by 30 percent and their yearly wages by 40 percent compared to males raised in middle class homes. These males also tended to work significantly less hours than males who grew up in the middle class (Corcoran, 1995). According to Korbin, children living in poverty are not poor because their parents will not work (1992). They are poor because of the low minimum wage rates, and jobs do not always provide the means to support one child let alone more than one. One fifth of childrens families have a parent who works full-time. Two-thirds of those poor children have a parent who at least works part-time (Korbin, 1992). The statistics change with singe parents living in poverty. Single mothers with more than one child must make above minimum wage at their jobs in order to afford childcare. As a result of the high price of child care many single mothers do not work and remain on welfare (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). A childs home environment is of utmost importance in regards to developmental and emotional milestones. Lee, through his research, determined that the more nurturin g the home environment, the better chance a child had of succeeding later in life (2009). When a child is raised in poverty they could be without proper food, clothing, or a basic sense of security. Unfortunately, when children are raised in poor households their home environment suffers. Not only may their homes be less safe or in unsafe neighborhoods, it also leaves some children homeless. Children who suffer from poverty surround us even in the United States. There is a need to find a solution that will help these children. Children do not choose to be born into poverty, and in order to fix the problem we need to find helpful and lasting ways to help their parents. This problem is not going to fix itself, and the government has tried for many years to figure out ways to help this epidemic of children living in poverty. Although, government programs have helped some impoverished adults, their solutions have not changed the poverty rate for children (Korbin, 1992). According to Murnane, the government should tackle the issues of poor students by pushing states to enhance high school requirements to reflect the skills needed to help them succeed after graduation (2007). Poor students have higher dropout rates and are not likely receive their diplomas. Seventy-five percent of white youth graduate high school. Only 50 percent of Hispanics and African American students who live in poverty receive their diplomas (Murnane, 2007). These statistics provide proof that education for the poor children is essential in enhancing their lives after graduation. People in charge of school reforms need to describe the skills and curriculum students should achieve each academic year. Schools should acquire principles that know how to employ and uphold successful teachers. Teachers should step in and help the student at the first sign of a learning problem and seek them out help to improve in those areas (Murnane, 2007). If we would implement these characteristics of change in our schools we could change the outcome for children living in poverty after they graduate from high school. Perhaps if our school systems focused a little more on the skills needed to obtain jobs after high school graduation, children living in poverty would have a better chance at succeeding. If our children all had the same opportunities with education at a high school level, the poor children may be able to make a better life for themselves after graduation. In conclusion, poverty is present in the United States. Impoverished children are impacted by poverty in a number of ways including physical health, mental well-being, education, and environment. Korbin states that It is said that a measure of a societies altruism or goodness is based on its treatment of its most fragile members: the young, the old, the infirm, and the disabled (1992). Perhaps the citizens of the United States can do more to help the poor children of our country. Regardless, childhood poverty i s an epidemic, and our country needs to work to find a workable solution to the problem. References Corcoran, M  (Annual 1995). Rags to rags: poverty and mobility in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology,  21,  p. 237(31). Retrieved  January 13, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId=IPS userGroupName=uphoenix Hildebrandt,  E. ,  Ã‚  Stevens,  P.. (2009). Impoverished Women With Children and No Welfare Benefits: The Urgency of Researching Failures of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program. American Journal of Public Health,  99(5),  793-801. Retrieved January 2, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1683162601). Korbin, J. (1992). Introduction child poverty in the United States: magnitude of and trends in child poverty in the united States child poverty in the United States in global perspective in this issue references. The American Behavio ral Scientist (1986-1994), 35(3), 213 Retrieved January 2, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:732639691. Lee, K. (June 2009). The bidirectional effects of early poverty on childrens reading and home environment scores: associations and ethnic differences. Social Work Research,  33,  2. p. 79(16). Retrieved  January 02, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId= IPS;userGroupName=apollo Lykens, K A,  Fulda, K G,  Bae, S. ,  ;  Singh, K P  (July 31, 2009). Differences in risk factors for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) receiving needed specialty care by socioeconomic status. BMC Pediatrics,  9,  p. 48. Retrieved  January 02, 2010,  from  Academic OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/ start. do? prodId=IPS;userGroupName=apollo Murnane, R J  (Fall 2007). Improving the education of children living in poverty. The Future of Children,  17,  2. p. 161(22). Retrieved  January 11, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId=IPS;userGroupName= uphoenix Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Child Poverty and the United States" essay for you Create order

Who Is Born As A South Korean - 1502 Words

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Personal Statement For A Fitness Trainer - 987 Words

The topic of the Unit 4 Assignment is Outlining your Profession. My desired profession is to be a fitness trainer. I strive to motivate and inspire others to live a healthy lifestyle. Although a degree is not required to complete this goal, I feel that a Bachelor of Science in Health and Wellness from Kaplan will give me a better understanding of the human body and broaden my career path. I will gain knowledge from Kaplan to exceed in the fitness world. Fitness trainers help individual’s reach fitness and nutrition goals by motivating and inspiring individuals or groups. Fitness trainers demonstrate different exercises, work out personal nutrition plans, and evaluate the clients level of fitness. There are many aspects to fitness trainer’s methods i.e.; weight lifting, cardiovascular, dance, yoga, stretching and strength training. Fitness trainer’s work with all ages, sizes, and fitness levels. Fitness trainers will modify exercise to fit a person’s physi cal needs and get a better understanding of a person’s weaknesses. â€Å"Fitness trainers and instructors work in facilities such as health clubs, fitness or recreation centers, gyms, and yoga and Pilates studios.† (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2015) With the upraise of technology and the lack of time working individuals have I feel that online fitness professionals is what is needed. I will strive to be an elite fitness professional in the online world. The requirements for becoming a personal trainer include a highShow MoreRelatedEssay Personal Trainer1261 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Trainer Personal trainers are responsible for training individuals and developing a healthy workout regimen for all their clients. They often work with different muscle groups and combine this knowledge with cardiovascular training to provide their clients with the best exercise program possible. 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These personal trainers are large sources of revenue thatRead MoreProject Duration And Critical Path Analysis1288 Words   |  6 Pagessystem? 11 References 12-13 ABSTRACT: Personal trainer, Inc. privileges and working focuses on twelve fitness center in Midwestern urban areas. The focuses have done well, and the organization is opening another â€Å"supercenter in the Toronto region. To support their commercial portfolio. Personal trainer Inc. want to study their approach and make it functional in a way which will positively reflect on their business growth. To do so personal trainer Inc. mapped a project management strategiesRead MorePersonal Trainer Inc. Case Study891 Words   |  4 Pages Mr. Nelson M. Wahing Case Study No. 2: Personal Trainer Inc. I. Summary Personal Trainer, Inc. owns and operates fitness centers in a dozen Midwestern cities. The centers have done well, and the company is planning an international expansion by opening a new â€Å"supercenter† in the Toronto area. Personal Trainer’s president, Cassia Umi, hired an IT consultant, Susan Park, to help develop an information system forRead MoreEssay on Bus 475 Week 2 Individual1692 Words   |  7 PagesBody Fitness Body Fitness is a new state of the art fitness facility coming to the valley that will offer the finest workout equipment, intense one-on-one personal training, proper supplemental nutrition plans, and strategic planning for a patient’s course of action to get in shape. Each fitness facility will offer the essential wide range of work out equipment and will be staffed to accommodate clients from high school age to retirement. Clients will consist of the average high school studentRead MoreHow Effective Marketing, Financial and Human Resource Management Activities Could Be Expected to Contribute to Fitness Firsts Success.1496 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be examining how Fitness First uses marketing, finance and human resource management to continually be an effective and sustainable sports organisation. Fitness First is the largest gym, health and fitness group in the world with more than 1.5 million members and over 550 fitness clubs. (www.fitnessfirst.co.uk , 2009) The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as â€Å"†¦the management process which identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficientlyRead More Gym Observation Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal space, body language, and overall interaction between the participants in the gym was something that I hadnt paid enough attention to in the past, from the distance I could see that their interests. The intimate couples that I noticed in the gym seemed again sought to have created a private space for them by erecting invisible barriers through their private body language directed only at each other, resulting in considerable more space between these couples and other groups of people inRead MoreCVP and Breakeven Analysis Paper1543 Words   |  7 Pagespoint for a Snap Fitness franchise owner. Variable Costs â€Å"Snap Fitness estimates that each location incurs $4,000 per month in fixed operating expenses plus $2,000 to lease equipment, which brings at total of $6,000 in fix cost† (Kimmel, Weygandt Kieso, 2009). However, in order for Snap Fitness to break even, it needs to have 300 members. With the â€Å"information provided above and our knowledge of CVP analysis, we will now estimate the amount of variable costs for Snap Fitness† (Kimmel, WeygandtRead MoreBosu Trainer Case Study Essays1311 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: Case Study 1 (Chapter 3) Subject: Business Process Management Company: Bosu Fitness Industry: Exercise Equipment Industry Author: Date: Overview The Bosu balance trainer was invented in 1999 by David Wreck the name Bosu means â€Å"Both Sides Utilized† because this exercise equipment has two sides. The two sides of the exercise equipment can be used for training with any kind of work out fitness. Bosu reflects a philosophy in athletic conditioning that focuses on balance; balanceRead MoreChallenges Facing The Sporting Goods Stores1407 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional trainer. The main center will be located in Orlando, Florida due to its vast economic growth and increasing demand of healthy lifestyles. In 2013, Orlando was categorized as the second highest fittest city in Florida and it was nationally â€Å"ranked No.34.† Form of Ownership Fit-Fem retail store will be a limited liability company. This form of ownership would be the most preferable selection due to its limited liability in a case of a lawsuit. In an event of a lawsuit, any personal property

NEA emerges intact Congressional process is a tortuous path Essay Example For Students

NEA emerges intact: Congressional process is a tortuous path Essay The months of debate, the annual attempt by Sen. Jesses Helms (R-N.C.) to defund the agency, and a weeks-long delay in resolving Western land grazing rights may have seemed like deja vu, but they were in fact the elements of this years federal arts appropriation process. On Nov. 11, President Clinton finally signed the 1994 Interior Appropriations bill, which included $170.2 million for the National Endowment for the Arts. Marshaling the bill through Congress proved difficult without a chairman at the NEAs helm to drive the process (Jane Alexander was not confirmed until late September), and the leadership vacuumcombined with Congresss deficit-reduction concerns and ongoing NEA controversiesresulted in the lowest annual appropriation since 1989. After passing a House of Representatives vote in the summerwith a significant drop in appropriation from what the Administration had originally requestedthe bill moved slowly through the Senate, where the Senate Appropriations Committee restored one-half of the House cut. The Endowment was further endangered when Sen. Helms offered three amendments to the bill on the Senate floor in mid-Septemberone to kill the agency entirely, a second to eliminate grants to individual artists and restrict funding to institutions, and a third to direct 70 percent of the NEAs program budget to state arts agencies for distribution.Appropriations 1992-94The following chart compares appropriations for fiscal years 1992, 1993 and 1994 (all figures are in millions) for the National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities and Institute for Museum Services. The NEA is not supporting the arts all across the nation in an equitable manner, Helms criticized. Rather, it is funneling most of the money to the big citieswhere it is often used to help impose or promote a liberal, immoral, pro-homosexual and perverse culture on the rest of the country.Despite Helmss attempts, all three amendments were defeated, and the bill was sent to a House-Senate conference committee where it finally emerged with the higher, Senate-approved NEA budget of $170.2 million, which was viewed as a victory for the arts in such troubled times.At the same time, Sen. Helms announced a wait-and-see attitude about newly confirmed NEA chairman Alexander, promising a grace period of at least a year or so in which she can concentrate on upgrading the quality of art supported by the American taxpayers. But his promise was largely responsible for the stall in the Endowments reauthorizing legislation.The House of Representatives passed a two-year reauthorization bill in mid-October by a vote of 304 to 119. Two damaging amendments attached to the bill were handily defeated: the Crane Amendment to abolish the NEA, proposed by Rep. Philip Crane (R-Ill.) was retired by a 326 to 104 count, and an amendment offered by Rep. Robert Dornan (R-Calif.) to cut funding for the NEA, the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Institute for Museum Services by 40 percent was defeated 281 to 151. A third amendment to freeze NEA funding to any state that cut its state arts funding, authored by Rep. Steve Gunderson (R-Wisc.) and Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-N. Y.), passed by a voice vote. A surprise motion to send the reauthorization bill back to committee to address the issue of federal funds to undocumented workers, offered by Rep. Duke Cunningham (R-Calif. ), failed by a very narrow margin of 214 to 210, sending a clear signal about Congresss discomfort with undocumented workers and its dissatisfaction with the San Diego Art Rebate project in which $10 bills were distributed by artists to illegal Mexican workers.In early November, the Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee approved a reauthorization bill identical to the measure passed in the House, but Congress adjourned without taking up the bill for a full Senate vote. At press time, the two-year reauthorization was not expected to be brought to the Senate floor until late January.Legislation to preserve and stabilize nonprofit postal rates was signed into law by President Clinton in October, and the new rates went into effect Nov. .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .postImageUrl , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:hover , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:visited , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:active { border:0!important; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:active , .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b836175d5c5c0585d78362022b28b5b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Describe and evaluate your rehearsal process Essay 21. The new law increases the third-class nonprofit postal rate by 23 percent over six years (at 3.87 percent per year)a considerable improvement over proposed 35-45 percent increases. Nonprofit third-class mail is now 8. 3 cents per piece, up from 8.1 cents for pre-sorted mail. New Faces at the NEANational Endowment for the Arts chairman Jane Alexander filled key administrative staff positions shortly after her own confirmation. In addition to naming Ana M. Steele senior deputy chairman, new appointments include Susan Clampitt, deputy chairman for programs; Scott Sanders, deputy chairman for public partnership; Richard Woodruff, congressional liaison; and Olive Mosier, director of policy, planning and research. They are joined by Alexander D. Crary in the newly created position of director of external affairs and White House liaison.Clampitt comes to the NEA after a 30-year career in the arts, holding curatorial and administrative positions at the Montclair Art Museum in New Jersey, the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Bank Street College of Education. Sanders served as executive director of the South Carolina Arts Commission for 13 years. Woodruff worked for 13 years for Sen. Howard Metzenbaum (D-Ohio) as staff director and legislative director. Mosier served as executive vice president and chief operations officer of the National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies. Crary has been the lead Senate staffer on cultural policy for the past 15 years, working for Sen. Claiborne Pell (D-R.I.) on the Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities.Also, Karen Kay Christensen, formerly assistant general counsel at National Public Radio, was named NEA general counsel, and Ginny Terzano has been appointed director of public affairs, after four years as press secretary to the Democratic National Committee.

Essay On Aloe Vera Analysis Essay Example

Essay On Aloe Vera Analysis Essay Acid inside Aloe vera is used as effective pain killers. * Antiseptic made from Aloe vera is used to kill mold, bacteria, funguses and viruses. * Aloe vera uses include help in skin blemishes. * Acne is treated by Aloe vera gel and its really effective. * Aloe vera also helps in stopping baldness. * Important Aloe vera uses include relief from cuts, bruises and burns. When we are talking about Aloe vera uses, you will be surprised to know that there are 500 medicinal use of Aloe vera which has been mentioned in various books and is in practice. Since Aloe vera is very much found in tropical and sub tropical regions the uses of Aloe vera for people residing in those places are cheap and easy. But breaking the barriers Aloe vera uses has been spread globally and through out the globe people are using Aloe vera for their purpose. The most common form of Aloe vera is topical ointments as aloe jelly. These are the natural extracts of the leaves of Aloe vera plants. There are various uses of Aloe vera and this had been proved scientifically over the years. Ointments help in sores, cuts and bruises. Aloe vera uses includes cosmetics benefits and uses as beauty restoring things. At present much research is going on to see the cosmetic benefits of the Aloe vera plants and how it can be used to make cosmetic products shooting for your skin to give you a glowing and healthy effect. Aloe vera uses includes aphrodisiac. * Uses of Aloe vera included expelling our worms. * Act as purgative for lazy and weak people. * Aloe vera used to hel p healing blisters. * Jaundice is also healed by Aloe vera plants. * Aloe vera can be used in cough also. Pots and planter used for growing Aloe vera plants: We will write a custom essay sample on Essay On Aloe Vera Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay On Aloe Vera Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay On Aloe Vera Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We can say that Aloe vera has multi use and now day’s research is going on to cure acute and serious diseases like cancer, AIDS and tuberculosis. It will be a great achievement if Aloe vera is successful in curing these diseases. So Aloe vera is of great use and you can always rely on Aloe vera plants to cure your skin problems. The lavenders (Lavandula) are a genus of 39 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. An Old World genus, distributed from Macaronesia (Cape Verde and Canary Islands and Madeira) across Africa, the Mediterranean, South-West Asia, Arabia, Western Iran and South-East India. It is thought the genus originated in Asia but is most diversified in its western distribution. The genus includes annuals, herbaceous plants, subshrubs, and small shrubs. The native range extends across the Canary Islands, North and East Africa, Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Arabia and India. Because the cultivated forms are planted in gardens worldwide, they are occasionally found growing wild as garden escapees, well beyond their natural range. However, since lavender cross-pollinates easily, there are countless variations within the species. The color of the flowers of some forms has come to be called lavender. The leaves are long and narrow in most species. In other species they are pinnately toothed, or pinnate, sometimes multiple pinnate and dissected. Flowers are borne in whorls, held on spikes rising above the foliage. Flowers may be blue, violet or lilac. The calyx is tubular, with five lobes. The corolla is often asymmetric. [1] Lavenders flourish best in dry, well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils in full sun. [2] All types need little or no fertilizer and good air circulation; in areas of high humidity, root rot due to fungus infection can be a problem. Avoid organic mulches; use pea gravel, decomposed granite, or sand instead, as organics can trap moisture around the plants bases, encouraging root rot. [3] [edit] Uses The most common true species in cultivation is the common lavender Lavandula angustifolia (formerly L. officinalis). A wide range of cultivars can be found. Other commonly grown ornamental species are L. stoechas, L. dentata, and L. multifida. The lavandins Lavandula ? intermedia are a class of hybrids of L. angustifolia and L. latifolia. 4] The lavandins are widely cultivated for commercial use, since their flowers tend to be bigger than those of English lavender and the plants tend to be easier to harvest, but lavandin oil is regarded by some to be of a lower quality than that of English lavender, with a perfume less sweet. [5] [edit] Culinary use A bee on a lavender flower Flowers yield abundant nectar from which bees make a high-quality honey. Monofloral honey is produced primarily around the Mediterranean, and is marketed worldwide as a premium product. Flowers can be candied and are sometimes used as cake decorations. Lavender flavors baked goods and desserts (it pairs especially well with chocolate), and is also used to make lavender sugar. [6] Lavender flowers are occasionally blended with black, green, or herbal tea, adding a fresh, relaxing scent and flavour. Though it has many other traditional uses in southern France, lavender is not used in traditional southern French cooking. [7] In the 1970s, a herb blend called herbes de Provence usually including lavender was invented by spice wholesalers,[8] and lavender has more recently become popular in cookery. Lavender lends a floral and slightly sweet flavor to most dishes, and is sometimes paired with sheeps-milk and goats-milk cheeses. For most cooking applications the dried buds (also referred to as flowers) are used, though some chefs experiment with the leaves as well. Only the buds contain the essential oil of lavender, from which the scent and flavour of lavender are best derived. The French are also known for their lavender syrup, most commonly made from an extract of lavender. In the United States, both French lavender syrup and dried lavender buds are used to make lavender scones and marshmallows. [edit] Medicinal use Lavender is used extensively with herbs and aromatherapy. English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) yields an essential oil with sweet overtones, and can be used in balms, salves, perfumes, cosmetics, and topical applications. Lavandin, Lavandula ? intermedia (also known as Dutch lavender), yields a similar essential oil, but with higher levels of terpenes including camphor, which add a sharper overtone to the fragrance. Mexican lavender, Lavandula stoechas is not used medicinally, but mainly for landscaping. Essential oil of lavender has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It was used in hospitals during World War I to disinfect floors and walls. These extracts are also used as fragrances for bath products. According to folk wisdom, lavender has many uses. Infusions of lavender soothe and heal insect bites and burns. Bunches of lavender repel insects. If applied to the temples, lavender oil soothes headaches. In pillows, lavender seeds and flowers aid sleep and relaxation. An infusion of three flowerheads added to a cup of boiling water soothes and relaxes at bedtime. Lavender oil (or extract of Lavender) heals acne when used diluted 1:10 with water, rosewater, or witch hazel; it also treats skin burns and inflammatory conditions. [citation needed] A recent clinical study investigated anxiolytic effects and influence on sleep quality. Lavender oil with a high percentage of linalool and linalyl acetate, in form of capsules, was generally well tolerated. It showed meaningful efficacy in alleviating anxiety and related sleep disturbances. [9]

A chance of emergence Essays

A chance of emergence Essays A chance of emergence Essay A chance of emergence Essay Culture in organisation frequently reflects norm, value, tradition, and expectation from its people. Each organisation has its own unique internal environment. For example, in theory, all applicants are required to show their self-confidence and their extroversion. These cannot go well with the traditional or conservative organisation which requires a modest person rather than an aggressive one. A working environment which comprises structure or flexible style can affect the applicant when they have an interview, for instance, casual clothes are accepted in some companies but not others. Ideal working environment was quoted in theory but in practical it is far beyond that. The continual innovation and improvement of science and technology have been changing social economy environment and competitive methods between companies to a great extent (Ref). This kind of transformation enhances the difficulty of companies and organisations to make an appropriate policy of HRM. They need to achieve a balance of catching up with new challenges and avoiding the risk of inaccurate decision-making. In recruitment and selection, technology has adapted new content in practice, the flourish of traditional public media let organisations place their recruiting adverts at a reasonable price, the development of public transport and the car industry has made it possible for companies to recruit from a larger region, the Internet has given them a good chance to go further. A giant in computer soft industry claims that The only constant in Microsoft is change (Ref). However, not all players are winners in this game. It is universal for managers to make inaccurate decisions because of deficient cognition of new methods. For instance, although E-recruitment can bring us quick, low-cost, efficient methods of finding qualified candidates, it still has unavoidable shortcomings. (www. arinso. com/downloads/recruitment. pdf, accessed 11/11/03) Online recruitment and the use of new emerging technologies have many advantages for the modern recruiter. The one drawback, however, is that online recruitment can appear to be a daunting subject? (Michael Stamp, E-recruitment is revolutionising the Recruitment Industry)The worldwide trend of incorporation and internationalisation has promoted companies to expand into huge organisations. Recruitment and selection have become extremely difficult to deal with in such enormous employee scale. When each step of Recruitment is made, HRM department need to classify complicated relationships and deal with huge information. Once an inaccurate decision is made, the influence is fatal and far-reaching. Take Balin Bank of UK as an example, (Ref) which had a history as long as 233 years and finally became bankruptcy. Besides the unsound operation system, the essential reason was the using of wrong people in fatal positions. Again, Ericsson announced that they would lay off another 1,700 employees in Sweden as an important step of the final object to be at 47,000 employees next year from 107,000 at the start of 2001. Maybe it will help the company to a profit during 2003. However, they could get more benefits if they had taken appropriate action in their recruitment and selection phases, from planning to testing. (Ref/Why? )Every theory has a particular environment of society and economy to exist in. When HRM theories were concluded, they all had been proved as effective to solve specific problems in practice. Nevertheless, these specific problems have different representations in different cultures and political environments. When business is put in a variable environment, HRM does not always work as well as it does in theory. Sometimes it is such a long and costly term for a company to adapt their HRM methods to new region which they are trying to expand to, no matter how successful these methods had been in the original system. The growth process of Microsoft China is a good case in point. In this August, Microsoft continued the contract with Jun Tan, who was assigned as the chairman of their subsidiary in China one year ago (Ref). It seems that Microsoft have found a suitable method of recruitment and selection for this important subsidiary now. However, they had been bothered for 5 years before the commission of Jun Tan. Each predecessor of Jun Tan survived in the hard and fast test of Microsoft, which proved effective in recruitment of their subsidiaries in western countries. These experts in both management and technology, had not arrived as far as they were expected in China market. Fortunately, Microsoft realised what they needed was a manager familiar with Chinese culture and the particular situation of China. After the commission of Jun Tan, Microsoft designed a new position CEO of Microsoft in big China area for an advanced manager recruited from another company, who has a strong background of working with Chinese government. Cultural shock is not the only thing that can beat companies HRM methods and strategies, every change of business environment could be fatal. There has been a gradual decline in the importance of recruitment and selection theories because of their validity and reliability. In the changing circumstances of a competitive business environment, it seems that every factor such as people, technology and so forth is changing all the time; on the other hand, the theories development are steady in the way of realistic applied. Generally speaking, individuals are different in terms of attitude and belief which affects their behaviour. It is implausible that the theories can be matched up perfectly with each individual. Each organisation has its own organisational culture which can be distinguished from the others. Moreover, currently, businesses have to be able to compete internationally. Nevertheless, the theories have limitations for worldwide use. Some theories can be appropriate for one country but not another. The big change of recruitment and selection method was brought by the impact of technology, the emergence of online recruitment or E-recruitment. As far as E-recruitment is concerned, it is believed that it could reduce operating expenditure and time spent on advertising and selecting the right candidate, for example. This phenomenon is not only about technology but also cultural and behavioural change both within HRM and people in organisation. It is a barrier-free procedure which means that everybody has the same rights to approach an organisation. No matter who you are, disabled person, mother of two children, black or white, man or woman. The process of E-recruitment will eliminate bias occurring from the recruiter. These will bring equal opportunities for people in society. E-recruitment is going to be the next important step of recruitment and selection without any doubt if the organisation strictly manage and deploy it in the constructive way. In the end, modern theory will definitely be waiting for a chance of emergence.

Business Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Analysis Report - Essay Example The result is that these people have to use three different systems to do their work. Another supplier of case recording system has approached the manager of the new YOS with a view to supplying a system. The manager is interested in getting more information in relation to the current system as well as the details relating to the new supplier’s system. The findings of the investigation should be reviewed and assessed in order to facilitate a comparison of both options; their long term operational impact as well as their financial impact. A comparison should be done of both options to determine the efficiency with which each system can be operated as well as their likely financial impact on the organisation. The system which is comparatively more operationally efficient and more cost effective should be chosen. If one is more cost effective but not more operationally efficient - a cost benefit analysis would be required to determine the long term impact on the organisation. This task requires a skilled and knowledgeable business analyst with proven experience in the area. Holmes (2007) indicates that skilled and knowledgeable business analysts play a key role in tasks such as these as they are able to do the necessary investigation to better understand end users and other important information. Holmes, B. (2007). Importance of Business Analysis in Development and Implementation of Court Systems. Technology Experience Bulletin, TEB: 2007-04. [Online] Available at www.citoc.org/docs/teb-analysis.pdf. [Accessed 9th march

Perceptual relativity in Danto and Gombrich relation with audience Essay

Perceptual relativity in Danto and Gombrich relation with audience with King Kong - Essay Example There are many innovations that were used in the production of King Kong. Many of these innovations were way ahead of their time and maybe that is the reason the film received so many negative reviews. Today’s reviews of the film are far much better because the audience is able to perceive and appreciate the artistic elements used. According to Danto’s End of Art, art does not exist anymore in the perpetual sense that it used to. The perpetual relativity argument used by Danto states that modern art follows the concept of visual knowledge that exists in the modern world. He says that the End of Art means the beginning of modern or pop art. This is to say that present art is more concerned with the concept of visual language or knowledge. The King Kong Film in 1933 and Duchamp’s readymade can somehow compare with this modern art concept. When they were released, both King Kong and Readymade received a lot of criticism from audiences. However, that is not the case today; perceptual ideas have changed over time changing the way people see the film King Kong. The concept of Perceptual relativity is dealt with in an in-depth manner in Gombrich’s Art and Illusion. Gombrich asked himself why artists normally turn a blind eye to aesthetic of sight, conceptual theory and other aspects of modern art. When Gombrich answered these questions, he showed that the perceptual side of art brings out the different points of view. He gives the example of light and darkness variation and how these variations relate with the artwork and audiences. The amount of light used in some form of art has the power to create a different feeling depending on how it is used. In the King Kong film, lighting has been used make some powerful shots which have an effect on how the audience perceives the film. Maybe the audience in 1933 was not affected by the lighting used in the film the same way today’s audience is affected. Perceptual concept shows that art inspires people

The role of gold and the gold commander

The role of gold and the gold commander This chapter will examine the role of Gold, attempt to identify what makes an effective Gold Commander, and seek to establish the extent to which the interaction between Gold and Silver requires technical knowledge and understanding. The chapter will also explore the cultural component of Gold Command, and whether organisational culture places informal barriers in the path of direct entrants being accepted to undertake the role within the Fire Rescue Service. The author intends to define and explain the research question in the context of contemporary ideas and thinking, and to develop a good understanding and insight into relevant previous research and the trends that have emerged (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003) The Gold Commander is expected to exercise leadership, which traditionally would have been developed whilst operating at the operational and tactical level (following the normal career progression path). However, the recent appointment of senior managers within the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS) who have joined as direct entrants since the introduction of new appointment and promotion regulations, which has allowed multi-tier entry (ODPM, 2004) will have evidenced leadership skills, which will generally have been developed as a result of working in other occupations. As has been mentioned in a previous chapter, Adam Crozier is an example of a businessman who has demonstrated an ability to adapt and excel in different occupations, and exercise effective leadership with support from subject matter experts. With jobs as diverse as the Football Association and Royal Mail, is it possible that given an appropriate level of support, and a nominal amount of training, Crozier could also demonstrate effective leadership as a Gold Commander? A business leader may lead a team and make difficult decisions through an economic crisis, in the same way that the Gold Commander is responsible for leading their team, albeit remotely from the personnel who will be working at Bronze and Silver level. As it is recognised that effective leadership processes represent a critical factor in the success of teams in organisations (Zaccharo et al., 2001, quoted in Flin et al., 2008: 132), it is clear that the role of the Gold Commander in leading the team is vitally important to a successful outcome. The leader needs to be effective in order to play a positive role in the resolution of an incident, and it is therefore necessary to define what effective actually means, Oxford Dictionaries online simply states its meaning as successful in producing a desired or intended result (http://oxforddictionaries.com accessed 24/11/10). However the measure of that success, and therefore effectiveness, is very subjective, indeed in the case of a tragi c incident involving loss of life, the quality of the leadership may be subject to scrutiny by judicial review or public enquiry. The Role of the Gold Commander During an emergency it may be appropriate to implement strategic or Gold command, however the FRS will rarely instigate a Gold Commander solely for an FRS operation, which has minimal impact on other organisations. However, whilst a Principal Officer1 may be the Incident Commander at a large, complex, or high profile incident, they will be operating at the tactical level when in command. In this situation Gold command is not applicable, although some co-ordination at Silver level is likely to be required. If the same incident required a higher degree of interoperability and a Strategic Coordinating Group (SCG) were formed (HMG, 2009), it will require the attendance of a commander, who may be a lower ranking officer, but who nevertheless should have an appropriate level of experience and authority to act. This individual, formally known as the Fire Gold Commander, will set tactical parameters for Silver to operate within, and will not be expected to direct or take charge of operations on the actual incident ground. As soon as circumstances permit the Principal Officer should assume command, indicating that the positions are role related (ICS, 2008, p.21-24). However, the Police will routinely designate Gold Commanders, who will assume overall command and have ultimate responsibility and accountability for the response to an incident. The Police Gold will have a secondary role to establish and chair the SCG in order to coordinate the emergency or major incident (ACPO, 2009 p.26). This would suggest a different expectation of the role of the respective Gold Commanders, with the levels of culpability/accountability appearing to contrast somewhat. If the Police Gold Commander is required to ratify and review the progress of Silver Commanders tactical plans (ACPO, 2009 p.25) and the Fire Gold Commander is required to set tactical parameters for Silver to operate within, and prioritise the personnel and resource demands (ICS, 2008), the latter suggests a more hands-off approach. This may explain why Police Gold Commanders appear to be more reluctant to accept direct entrants at the senior level. 1 Chief, Deputy or Assistant Officer 2 Gold Silver Bronze Experiential Decision Making The definition of an appropriate level of experience as stated above is subjective, and clearly open to debate. It raises the question of whether the skills required for effective command at the operational and tactical level, are identical to those required for strategic command? Since 1985, researchers have been trying to establish how decisions are made during stressful non-routine situations, with Fire Commanders being of particular interest (Klein et al, 1993). The study of Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) is concerned with how experienced people, working as individuals or groups in dynamic, uncertain and often fast paced environments, identify and assess their situation, make decisions and take actions whose consequences are meaningful to them and to the larger organisation in which they operate Zsambok and Klein (1997) (cited in Flin and Arbuthnot, 2002. p. 207). It has been stated that decisions made under stress do not follow traditional decision-making processes, and inst ead fireground commanders rely on their well developed sense of intuition (Gasaway, 2007). The amount of information required to make a decision will depend on the experience and intuition of the commander, and this has been referred to as thin slicing by Gladwell (2005) which means making very quick decisions with small amounts of information, or the concept of thinking without thinking, or the ability of our unconscious to find patterns in situations and behaviour based on very narrow slices of experience. Gladwell contends that thin-slicing can have its uses or can be a mistake. If one takes a small amount of information to generalise or make decisions in whole then decisions may be made that really are incorrect. However, sometimes a small amount of relevant information is all that is required to make decisions and act. Gladwell hints that ultimately we should only rely on thin-slicing when our intuition has been honed by experience and training as truly successful decision making relies on a balance between deliberate and instinctive thinking. Clearly, the ability to thin slice derives from experience of the situation or similar environment, where the commander has successfully or unsuccessfully dealt with an incident and can anticipate the next problem that may arise, which links to recognition primed decision making (RPD). The question of whether thin slicing has its place in the SCG environment is debatable, as RPD is not usually associated with Gold level decision making, for strategic commanders may need to be discouraged from making decisions based on intuition, if a more analytical approach is more appropriate (Fredholm 1997, cited HMG 2008). Flin and Arbuthnot (2002, p. 214) considered the fields of aviation, military and the police, and suggested that Incident Commanders (IC) may adopt one of four decision strategies, depending on their assessment of the available time and level of risk: Recognition primed (intuition, gut feel) (If X then Y- little conscious effort need to retrieve Y) Procedures (written or memorised) (If X then Y conscious search) Analytical comparison of the different courses of action available (If X, which Y?) Creative (designing a novel course of action) (If X, have no Y, design new Y). The decision strategies are based on increasing levels of mental concentration, not just to retrieve information from the memory stores (long term memory), but to consciously operate on or think about the information retrieved (working memory) (Flin and Arbuthnot, 2002). Most of the studies involving NDM have related to decision making in dynamic environments where there is little time for the luxury of creative or analytical problem solving (HMG 2008). So how are prior operational and tactical experiences of a Gold Commander utilised, when faced with never before experienced occurrences such as the Buncefield Fire, the largest fire in Europe since 1945 which relied on creativity rather than prior experience to resolve successfully? (Wilsher, 2006) If decision making is dependent on the experiences of the decision maker, it must also rely on the ability of the Gold Commander to be self reflective. If an individual is unable to effectively reflect and learn from their experiences, they will be unable to apply the learning to future events. Considering Kolbs experiential learning cycle (as shown in figure 1), it could be that they have twenty years experience, or one years experience, twenty times. So time alone is not a pre-cursor to being an effective Gold Commander, its what has been learnt from the experiences during that time. Figure 1 Kolbs Learning Cycle (University of Leeds 2010) Leadership One of the key responsibilities of the Gold Commander is to work with partner agencies (ICS, 2008 p24). This will require a positive working relationship both before an incident occurs, as true interoperability is built on mutual understanding, familiarity and trust (ACPO, 2009). According to Goleman (2002: 51-52) relationship management relies on the most visible tools of leadership including persuasion, conflict management and collaboration. More recently, this was confirmed by Bradberry and Greaves (2005), and of course collaboration, and to a lesser extent persuasion, are components of leadership which will often be tested in the Integrated Emergency Management (IEM) environment. Much research has been conducted to quantify the desirable attributes required for effective leadership (Kets de Vries 1993; Higgs 2002, Parry and Meindl 2002). Although there are many different types of leaders, people will often prefer to work with a leader who has outstanding soft skills. Evidence in creasingly shows that the higher one goes in an organization, the more important EI can be (Kemper, 1999, p. 16). The Gold Commander should have developed self awareness, as the leadership of an organisation or team, can influence the work environment and affect everything from morale, to effective performance. The selection and development of leaders is amongst the oldest of personnel functions (Fiedler 2001), but much of early leadership selection was conducted by birthright (Northouse 2007). Throughout the past century considerable research has been conducted into leadership which can largely be placed into three primary categories; leadership traits, leadership behaviours and the situational context of leadership (Sashkin and Sashkin 2003). Northouse (2007) states that Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (Northouse. 2007: 3). Flin et al (2008: 129) suggest that leadership relates to the personal qualities, behaviours, styles and strategies adopted by the team leader. They further suggest that leaders come in various forms, with some being task specialists, and others good with people. Trait theories of leadership were popular during the early to mid 1900s, and worked on the assumption that great leaders are born great (Sashkin and Sashkin 2003) and that by defining the necessary traits of effective leaders the secrets of leadership could be unlocked (Densten 2003). If leadership was a result of definable traits then it would be reasonable to expect that a defined list of those traits would have been found after over 100 years of research. This has not been found. The main criticisms of the trait theories are that they fail to take account of the situational and contextual aspects of leadership, and many of the definitions of various traits are highly subjective (Northouse 2007). The debate continues as to whether an individual must possess a definite set of characteristics in order to be a leader in any given situation. Some authors have suggested that the traits necessary for battlefield leadership would be effective in a school environment, dismissing the impact of the situation (Sadler 1997). Research indicates that there are varying opinions on the level of requirement of these very different qualities. Annotating these qualities into a list form results in a comprehensive summation but does the Gold Commander have to possess all, or just some of them? Conversely, if the list is not exhaustive and it is possible that someone might have other leadership qualities. How does that equate? Emotional Intelligence Commanding an emergency clearly requires effective leadership, and by its very nature a dynamic incident will sometimes require an autocratic style, but is this always necessary? Is it the case that in the Gold environment, the application of softer skills is more advantageous, with Emotional Intelligence (EI) becoming a more important component? EI was first mentioned in an unpublished thesis in 1986, and was the subject of a US article published in 1990, where it is described as the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide ones thinking and actions (Mayer and Salovey, 1990). Since that time there has been a vast amount of research and published information on the subject of EI, evidenced when the author searched for books titled Emotional Intelligence on the website of an online bookseller, returning a total of 9507 results (Amazon UK November 2010). Golemans original work is open to some debate as he seems to contradict his theory by suggesting that emotion is a biological reaction on the one hand, whereas EI can be learnt and developed. Whatever the case, it is clearly more art than science, as the interpretation of EI is subjective. It would appear that the wide interest in the subject is due to the emerging recognition of the power of EI, both in terms of personal development, with the suggested opportunity to transform an individuals life experience, health and happiness, and for transforming the effectiveness of work organisations. The developing argument is that levels of emotional intelligence are inextricably linked to levels of performance, particularly in senior positions within an organisation, a viewpoint which is often repeated (Sparrow and Knight 2006). Some organisations have embraced the principles of EI, including the Royal Air Force, which in 2002 completed a comprehensive review of leadership development, leading to the establishment of the RAF Leadership Centre. The centres website informs that the RAF seeks a particular contribution from its leaders and lists nine attributes required for effective leadership. The second attribute listed, is concerned with the possession of EI, described thus; Emotionally Intelligent Self-awareness is one of the key foundations of effective leadership. Leaders who know themselves will be able to develop self-control and subsequently understand the needs of others. This will enable them to manage relationships at all levels better and remain calm under pressure. Thus individuals will be able to function as part of a wider team, invariably multidisciplinary, increasingly joint and often multinational, in the delivery of military capability http://www.raf.mod.uk/pmdair/rafcms/mediafiles/1E8488F4_5056_A318_A8AB0AC2CFC4589A.doc. (accessed 29/11/10). In 2006 the Centre for Leadership was established at the Fire Service College. The strategy for the development of tomorrows FRS leaders is enshrined within the leadership model Aspire (HMG 2008) which has been developed in response to the identification of the importance of excellence in leadership. The model is underpinned by the FRS core values, linking transformational models of leadership, and guiding behaviours to influence leadership actions and results. The Aspire model contains some elements which can be linked to EI, including; Openness to Change Situational Awareness Confidence Resilience Effective Communication The author finds it somewhat surprising that, whilst it is obvious that the RAF has recognised the connection between emotional intelligence and effective leadership, there is no direct mention of EI within the Aspire Leadership Model and Framework for the FRS. This is somewhat disappointing Notwithstanding the above, the FRS has recognised the value of people management competences, in addition to task competencies, and that both competency sets need to be included in assessing, training and evaluating effective incident commanders. The non-technical skills of an organisations emergency response personnel are as important as their technical expertise and knowledge and application of emergency operating procedures (Crichton and Flin, 2001). Competence A dictionary definition (www.dictionary.reference.com) of competence is: the quality of being competent; adequacy; possession of required skill, knowledge, qualification or capacity. Whereas Harvey (2004) describes it as the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities at a level of expertise sufficient to be able to perform in an appropriate work setting However acquiring skills are only part of the equation, for it is necessary to effectively perform a role as defined by Boyatzis: Effective performance of a job is the attainment of specific results (i.e. outcomes) required by the job through specific actions while maintaining or being consistent with policies, procedures conditions of the organisational environment. (Boyatzis, 1982:12) He further contends that maximum performance occurs when an individuals capability is consistent with the job demands and the organisational environment. (Boyatzis, 2007:2). Figure 2 Boyatziss model for competencies and effective performance Boyatzis model illustrates how an individuals personal values, knowledge, competencies and abilities contribute to performance in terms of the overlap with the job demands and the organisational environment. In simple terms this means that the bigger the overlap the better the performance. For the purpose of this research paper, Flins (1996) definition will be followed, which is the ability to perform consistently within an occupation to the standards expected in employment. The National Occupational Standard for a Fire Gold Commander working at the Strategic Level is EFSM 1 (www.skillsforjustice-ipds.com/nos/en/EFSM1.doc accessed 7/12/12). This standard details the technical skills and understanding which are required at this level. However, there is no mention of non-technical skills, as these are contained within the National Strategic Manager Personal Qualities and Attributes (CLG, 2009). In the emergency services, competency requirements for key decision makers are still very much based on rank rather than proven skill or ability though there is a move to change this. In the FRS, there is a shift from rank to role, where there is a role map of competences under the Integrated Personal Development System (IPDS) designed to be relevant to each level in the service. However, as with any cultural shift, it will take some time for this reality to assert itself through all ranks within the FRS (Devitt, 2009). The author finds it interesting to note that whilst there is a role map for Brigade Manager, strategic uniformed mangers within the FRS still prefer to title themselves, Chief Fire Officer. Does this perhaps suggest that the senior leadership of the FRS are not culturally ready to embrace modernisation in its truest sense? Culture Organisational culture is a system of shared values, and beliefs about what is important, what behaviours are appropriate and about feelings and relationships internally and externally. Values and cultures need to be unique to the organisation, widely shared and reflected in daily practice and relevant to the company purpose and strategy. (CIPD, 2011). In simple terms it can be referred as the way we do things around here. The leader will be affected by the culture in which they operate, and its values, structure, hierarchy and rules will dictate how they are likely to command an incident, and ultimately whether they will be judged to be effective or ineffective (Devitt, 2009 p.37). Devitt refers to the work of Reiner (1991) who studied senior police officers and identified four different types of Chief Constable, the barons, bobbies, bosses and bureaucrats. Reiner contended that their different leadership styles will be reflected in the culture of the organisation which may influence the Chair of an SCG, and thus the style and approach with which a strategic multi-agency response is operated. If the Chair of an SCG adopts the style of a boss, who controls mainly through authority not power, dont suffer criticism gladly, and see community policing as idealistic in the face of an overwhelming tide of crime, this will clearly affect the dynamics of the group Devitt (2009). Chan (1996) undertook a study of police culture, and refers to Bourdieus relational theory, which explains cultural practice as the result of interaction between cultural dispositions (habitus) and structural positions (field), situating culture in the social and political context of police work. Sackmann goes on to describe the essence of culture as the collective construction of social reality. Her cognitive model encompasses all forms of shared organised knowledge: the form of things that people have in their minds; their models for perceiving, integrating, and interpreting them; the ideas or theories that they use collectively to make sense of their social and physical reality (Sackmann 1991: 21). She classifies cultural knowledge within an organisation into four dimensions: dictionary knowledge, which provides definitions and labels of things and events within an organization; directory knowledge, which contains descriptions about how things are done generally in the organization; recipe knowledge, which prescribes what should or should not be done in specific situations; and axiomatic knowledge, which represents the fundamental assumptions about why things are done the way they are in an organisation. Axiomatic knowledge, often held by top management, constitutes the foundation for the shape and future of the organisation. These may be adjusted or revised from time to time as a result of critical evaluations or growing experience. Sackmann sees cultural cognitions as being held by groups rather than individuals. These cognitions are socially constructed, and may be changed or perpetuated by organisational processes through repeated applications. In time, these cognitions are imbued with emotions and acquire degrees of importance; they also become habits of thoughts that translate into habitual actions. With the FRS implementation of the modernisation agenda under the National Framework (although this has recently changed with the election of the coalition government), some senior fire officers are reluctant to readily accept that direct entrants or non-operational staff may be effective at undertaking a Gold Command role, whilst a number of Police Gold Commanders have expressed th eir opposition to the idea, as evidenced by the authors research..

Accounting Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

paper will discuss the public perception of CPAs in today's society, pitfalls that they may encounter, methods to prevent some of these negative behaviors and consequences they may face should they fall short. Most "Who Do You Trust?" surveys rank politicians, lawyers and used car salesmen at the bottom and certified public accountants at the top. That is because the CPA profession has a squeaky clean image--anal-retentive little wimps who wear thick glasses and cannot get a date. CPAs are known and respected for their honesty. The profession that goes out of its way to project that image, and there is a certain amount of truth to it. Not all accountants are anal-retentive little wimps who cannot get a date. Many of them are quite articulate. Some are quite lovely, in some schools, more than half of the accounting majors are women. Also, not all CPAs are squeaky clean and respected for their honesty. Some are quite dishonest and are putting a black mark on the image of the entire profession. There is one area where the CPA profession has fallen short of protecting the public interest. The general duty that accountants owe to their clients and the other persons who are affected by their actions is to "exercise the skill and care of the ordinarily prudent accountant" in the same circumstances. Two elements compose the general duty of performance: skill and care. Another element and responsibility is owed to clients and other persons, that is that accountants should observe a standard of ethical or social responsibility. One set of difficulties concerns ethics education's ability to instill the chosen values and to make them stick after the educational process is completed. Instru ction in accounting ethics is directed at people whose character-or lack there-of-has largely been formed by the time the instruction occurs. Although such instruction should increase the moral awareness of those who are already predisposed to listen, its effect on the basically self-interested, indifferent, or unethical is questionable. Even those who are positively influenced by ethics instruction, moreover, may still behave irresponsibly if their careers or their livelihoods require them to act in their client's financial interest. Recent pressure to include more ethics instruction in the accounting classroom has placed an emphasis on individuals who have a sen... ... the trust instilled in me very seriously. I hope that this paper has enlightened you to the pitfalls many certified public accountants face today, both with ethical standards and with impending educational requirements. Reference Page Fulmer, W.E. and B.R. Cargile: 1987, "Ethical Perceptions of Accounting Students: Does Exposure to a Code of Professional Ethics Help?" Issues in Accounting Education 2, 207-219. Loeb, S.E.: 1988, "Teaching Students Accounting Ethics: Some Crucial Issues', Issues in Accounting Education 3, 316-329. Metzger, J.D.: 1992. "Business Law and the Regulatory Environment: Consepts and Cases 8th Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the Public Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C: 1992, 'The Trouble with Dilemmas: Rethinking Applied Ethic', Professional Ethics 1, 119-142. er, J.D.: 1992. "Business Law and the Regulatory Environment: Consepts and Cases 8th Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the Public Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C: 1992, 'The Trouble with Dilemmas: Rethinking Applied Ethic', Professional Ethics 1, 119-142.